热带作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 1010-1022.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2022.05.016

唐庆华, 孟秀利, 于少帅, 林兆威, 牛晓庆, 宋薇薇(), 覃伟权()

TANG Qinghua, MENG Xiuli, YU Shaoshuai, LIN Zhaowei, NIU Xiaoqing, SONG Weiwei(), QIN Weiquan()

摘要：

自1981年海南省屯昌县首次发现槟榔黄化病（yellow leaf disease of areca palm, YLD）以来,槟榔黄化问题日趋严重,现已成为制约中国槟榔产业可持续发展的最重要的因素。同时,鉴于生产中除槟榔黄化病外,炭疽病、细菌性叶斑病、椰心叶甲、干旱等一些其他因素也可引起槟榔黄化,以及“槟榔黄化病”病原或病因认识上存在混淆的问题,学界暂用“槟榔黄化现象”的表述。近年来,针对上述问题开展了一系列深入研究并取得突破性进展。本文首先简要回顾了中国槟榔黄化病的发生及病原方面的研究进展,介绍了另一种致黄关键新病害——由槟榔隐症病毒1（Areca palm velarivirus 1, APV1）引起的槟榔黄叶病毒病（areca palm leaf yellowing virus disease, ALYVD）,以及其他2种新发现的病毒病害——槟榔坏死环斑病毒病和槟榔坏死环斑病毒病的研究进展。对6个示范基地的病原检测结果表明,部分黄化植株被槟榔黄化植原体（areca palm yellow leaf phytoplasma, AYLP）或APV1单独感染,部分植株被AYLP和APV1复合感染。本文还探讨了槟榔黄化病研究中存在的病原分布不均、含量低引起的检测困难和田间诊断易混淆等问题,并对YLD、ALYVD、叶斑类病害、根腐病害、芽腐病、椰心叶甲、干旱、寒害、除草剂药害等9类因子引起的黄化症状特征进行了总结。进而分析了YLD和ALYVD 防控中存在的问题以及现阶段面临的紧迫形势,从防控策略和具体措施解读了《槟榔“黄化病“防控明白纸》,并指出了其有待进一步完善之处及防控中亟待解决的问题。最后,展望了YLD和ALYVD 2种致黄关键病害综合防控中亟待实施的措施。本文旨在让广大科研工作者和农技人员更好地了解槟榔“黄化病”方面的最新成果。

中图分类号:

Demonstration base

Samples number

Detection number

Ratio/%

Detection number

Ratio/%

Detection number

Ratio/%

	示范基地		采样数	AYLP	APV1	复合感染Co-infected
	检出数		占比		检出数		比例		检出数		比例
屯昌枫木	100	19	19.00	80	80.00	16	16.00
定安岭口	100	3	3.00	39	39.00	0	0.00
琼海东升	99	6	6.06	68	68.69	4	4.04
琼海中原	92	21	22.83	92	100.00	21	22.83
万宁龙滚	75	10	13.33	31	41.33	0	0.00
保亭七仙岭	85	27	31.76	64	75.29	16	18.82
总计	551	86	15.61	374	67.88	57	10.34

Disease

Quarantine/resistant cultivar or disease-free seedlings

Clean diseased

plants

Vector management

Injection of antibiotics

Habitat

management

Reference

病害

检疫/抗病品种或无病种苗

砍除病株

防治媒介昆虫

抗生素治疗

生态调控

参考文献

槟榔“黄化病”

种植无病种苗

砍除病株

柑橘棘粉蚧、双条拂粉蚧

生态调控

柑橘黄龙病

种植无病种苗

砍除病株

柑橘木虱

椰子致死性黄化病

检疫/种植抗病品种

砍除病株

麦腊婵

抗生素

间作套种

枣疯病

种植抗病品种/种苗脱毒

砍除病株

凹缘菱纹叶蝉等媒介

抗生素

葡萄金黄化病

种植无病种苗

砍除病株

葡萄带叶蝉

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DOI URL

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DOI URL

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DOI URL

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DOI URL

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DOI URL

DOI URL

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DOI URL

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DOI URL

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DOI URL

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DOI URL

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