in-frame fusion	fusion
hydrogen bond	bonds
maximal expression	expression
endo-beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase	endo-beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase
phosphorelay signal transduction system	system
iso-D-glutamate	iso-D-glutamate
open reading frame	frame
phage-specific	phage-specific
over-expression	over-expression
end of the tRNA	end
sporulation of a wild-type strain	sporulation
leader sequence	sequence
accessory signal	signal
folate operon	operon
batch culture	cultures
large stationary-phase regulon	regulon
strong bias	bias
kb region	region
level of phosphorylated response regulator	level
RAT-like sequence	sequence
carrier spore	spores
mother cell-specific transcription factor	factor
partner-switching	partner-switching
uracil phosphoribosyltransferase	phosphoribosyltransferase
possible helix-turn-helix motif	motif
half-lives	half-lives
binding component	component
DNA-binding ability	ability
significant increase	increase
in vivo transcription assay	assays
GTP binding protein	protein
kb sequence	sequence
Southern blot hybridization	hybridization
presence of rifampin	presence
arginine-inducible	arginine-inducible
trans-acting factor	factor
propagation of the transcription bubble	propagation
accompanying paper	paper
rRNA sequence	sequences
prespore development	development
developmental regulation	regulation
serine proteinase active site	sites
glycine betaine	betaine
lipid release	release
general stress protein	protein
gel mobility shift	shift
developmental control	control
glycerol-3-phosphate	glycerol-3-phosphate
environmental condition	conditions
expression vector	vector
stress condition	conditions
mature enzyme	enzyme
gene conversion	conversion
DNA repair	repair
carbon catabolite repression	repression
enzyme B-P	B-P
transcription-translation system	system
phage resistance	resistance
extensive aggregation	aggregation
% of the amino acid	%
phosphorylated state	state
heat-resistant spore	spores
functional similarity	similarities
bacteria-binding	bacteria-binding
RNA-binding	RNA-binding
double-strand	double-stranded
fermentative growth	growth
parent strain	strain
sporulation transcription factor	factor
effect of temperature	effect
class of protein	class
tRNA gene	gene
amino acid homology	homology
buoyant density	densities
putative promoter sequence	sequence
single codon	codon
reduction of the growth rate	reduction
biosynthesis of methionine	biosynthesis
transcriptional activation	activation
insertional mutagenesis	mutagenesis
early promoter	promoter
cell fractionation experiment	experiments
conjugative transfer	transfer
oligo-1,6-glucosidase	oligo-1,6-glucosidase
common mechanism	mechanism
acid-soluble spore protein	protein
L-asparagine	L-asparagine
leader-region	leader-region
presence of erythromycin	presence
high-level	high-level
amino acid	acid
up-to-date	up-to-date
regulatory circuit	circuit
various stage of growth	stages
sigma subunit	subunit
cell pole	poles
mRNA leader region	region
growth to sporulation	growth
repeat sequence	sequences
zone centrifugation	centrifugation
hybridization-competition	hybridization-competition
transcriptional readthrough	readthrough
GTP/ATP pool ratio	ratio
6-HDNO expression	expression
branched-chain alpha-oxo acid dehydrogenase	dehydrogenase
amino acid availability	availability
sporulation of wild-type cell	sporulation
run-on	run-on
protein subcellular localization	localization
coat protein composition	composition
5'-end	5'-end
recognition of adjacent base pair	recognition
number of mutation	number
extension product	product
impaired growth	growth
general strategy	strategy
biosynthesis gene	gene
cycle-dependent	cycle-dependent
transgenic plant	plants
sequenced sigma factor	factors
novel structure	structure
amino acid biosynthesis	biosynthesis
heterologous system	system
S1 protection experiment	experiments
negative regulation	regulation
soil bacterium	bacterium
positive autoregulation	autoregulation
sigma factor gene	gene
preliminary result	results
carboxy-terminal domain	domain
DNA-melting	DNA-melting
low-GC	low-GC
basis of this genetic analysis	basis
promoter sequence of this gene	sequence
tRNA gene region	region
previous work	work
hybrid enzyme	enzyme
main early promoter	promoters
output domain	domain
oligonucleotide probe	probe
large variety	variety
transcription of the operon	transcription
secondary structure complex	complex
transcriptional start site	site
% of the cell	%
presence of L-arginine	presence
short transcript	transcripts
deletion analysis	analysis
A+T-rich	A+T-rich
functional characterization	characterization
carbon limitation	limitation
biochemical characterization	characterization
phage-infected	phage-infected
sigma-factor	sigma-factor
protein-priming	protein-priming
signal of environmental stress	signals
priming protein	protein
processing enzyme	enzymes
tryptophan synthase-B	synthase-B
mutant spore	spores
dyad symmetry	symmetry
immunosorbent assay	assay
genetic crosse	crosses
bacterial host	hosts
motility function	functions
iron-dependent	iron-dependent
GTP cyclohydrolase	cyclohydrolase
two-step strategy	strategy
reduced state	state
start point	point
single polypeptide	polypeptide
integration circuit	circuit
significant sequence similarity	similarity
serine kinase	kinase
in vitro transcription-translation analysis	analysis
mixed infection of bacillus subtilis	infections
capsule formation	formation
heat shock condition	conditions
sensory transduction event	events
primary transcript	transcripts
gene code	code
temporal activation	activation
proteinaceous coat	coat
complete open reading frame	frames
hybrid promoter	promoter
alkaline protease	protease
homologous gene	genes
% efficiency	efficiency
normal phosphorylation pathway	pathway
functional analysis	analysis
concentration-dependent	concentration-dependent
Campbell-like	Campbell-like
strain of the Indianmeal moth	strains
amino acid residue	residues
ethanol stress	stress
iron-sulfur cluster	cluster
precise position	position
initiation process	process
subunit of glutamate synthase	subunits
silent chromosome	chromosome
increased transcription	transcription
prespore-specific gene expression	expression
lepidopteran-specific	lepidopteran-specific
DNA-dependent	DNA-dependent
chromosomal mutation	mutations
allele-specific	allele-specific
bacterial sigma factor	factors
deletion frequency	frequencies
multiple signal	signals
promoter -10	region
presence of gluconate	presence
cell division	division
polymerase activity	activity
pH homeostasis	homeostasis
high-resolution structure	structure
5-methyltryptophan resistance	resistance
ferric-iron-reduction	ferric-iron-reduction
aa protein	protein
upstream DNA	DNA
proximal promoter	promoter
dihydrolipoamide transsuccinylase	transsuccinylase
% of the soluble cell protein	%
deletion-insertion	deletion-insertion
assay condition	conditions
point mutation	mutation
haem synthesis	synthesis
sc-mtTFB	sc-mtTFB
putative leader peptide	peptide
catabolite-resistant	catabolite-resistant
glucose kinase activity	activity
trinucleotide repeat	repeats
transcription product	products
early sporulation gene	gene
toroid-shaped	toroid-shaped
amount of specific mRNA	amount
stationary-phase cell	cells
RNA-binding protein	protein
predivisional sporangium	sporangium
iron-regulated	iron-regulated
effector molecule	molecules
metal ion	ions
iron-restrictive	iron-restrictive
E-RNAP	E-RNAP
synthetic medium	medium
c-type cytochrome	cytochromes
cDNA library	library
average structure	structure
Gram-positive bacterium	bacterium
yeast two-hybrid system	system
heparin-resistant	heparin-resistant
simple developmental system	system
acid-binding	acid-binding
N-terminal	N-terminal
consensus repeat	repeats
normal time	time
leader region terminator	terminator
single base change	change
inverted repeat of chaperon expression	repeat
substrate specificity	specificity
membrane dynamics	dynamics
region of imperfect dyad symmetry	region
non-steroidal	non-steroidal
chloramphenicol resistance	resistance
translation system	systems
hairpin formation	formation
C-terminal domain	domain
nitrogen-regulated	nitrogen-regulated
critical role	role
initiation complex	complex
S-layer	S-layer
regulatory mechanism	mechanism
helix-turn-helix	helix-turn-helix
DNA-binding activity	activity
leucyl-tRNA	leucyl-tRNA
forespore septum	septum
polyclonal antibody	antibodies
appropriate SASP	SASP
Gram-positive organism	organism
foot-printing analysis	analysis
large open reading frame	frame
class I heat shock gene	genes
2-oxoglutarate	2-oxoglutarate
mapping experiment	experiments
deletion mapping	mapping
proteinase active site	motifs
level of control	levels
synthetase operon	operon
stress response	response
single transcription unit	unit
amino-terminal domain	domain
in vitro transcription-translation	 transcription-translation
isoelectric point	point
hydroperoxide reductase	reductase
arginine deiminase pathway	pathway
biochemical study	studies
rifampicin resistance	resistance
infection cycle	cycle
non-ribosomal	non-ribosomal
DNA-damaging	DNA-damaging
expression-vectors	expression-vectors
wild-type counterpart	counterpart
high level of sequence similarity	level
resistance gene	gene
termination structure	structure
related sequence	sequences
metalloregulatory protein	protein
loss of viability	loss
variety of complex control	variety
severe defect	defect
hybrid plasmid	plasmid
alpha subunit	subunit
spore cortex	cortex
synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine	synthesis
adaptive response to DNA alkylation	response
mean half-life of mRNA	half-life
competence-specific	competence-specific
phase-bright inclusion	inclusions
absence of nucleoside triphosphates	absence
promoter-bearing	promoter-bearing
integrable plasmid	plasmid
23S rRNA	rRNA
alkaline phosphatase synthesis	synthesis
sequence-specific termination of DNA replication	termination
effect of amino acid substitution	effects
similar level	levels
mRNA secondary structure	structure
native host	host
bacterial cell	cell
prokaryotic system	systems
enhanced expression	expression
short inverted repeat	repeat
basal-level expression	expression
plasmid vector	vector
16S rRNA gene	gene
sporulation-control gene	gene
large stationary-phase	stationary-phase
ferric uptake	uptake
siderophore-binding	siderophore-binding
transcriptional regulator	regulator
developmental system	system
late sporulation phase	phase
low overall homology	homology
competence-inducible	competence-inducible
first stage	stage
L-cysteine biosynthesis	biosynthesis
imperfect dyad symmetry	symmetry
daughter cell	cells
regulatory gene	gene
in vitro evidence	evidence
active form	form
expression of late competence gene	expression
complete ORFs	ORFs
affinity chromatography	chromatography
vegetative mRNA	mRNA
transducing phage	phage
insertion sequence	sequence
original strain	strain
haemolytic activity	activity
attachment site	site
T lymphocyte	lymphocytes
cytochrome c-550	cytochrome
eukaryotic cell	cells
aconitase activity	activity
positive regulator of the osmotic response	regulator
new role	role
lipase operon	operon
internal region	region
secondary structure	structure
single-base	single-base
pulse-chase	pulse-chase
transcriptional organization	organization
inactive precursor	precursor
end of exponential growth	end
entire length	length
response to a signal	response
response regulator	regulator
normal sporulation	sporulation
characterization of a gene	characterization
broad range	range
stationary-phase viability	viability
gel electrophoresis	electrophoresis
microbial deoxyribonucleic acid	acids
isolated mitochondrion	mitochondria
novel gene	gene
low-GC Gram-positive bacterium	bacteria
major transcriptional start point	point
amino acid sequence	sequence
purine residue	residue
serine protease	protease
outer membrane	membrane
host-takeover module	module
DPA synthetase activity	activity
meta-cleavage	meta-cleavage
transcriptional activator gene	gene
start-site	start-site
promoter recognition specificity	specificity
untranslated region	region
low-resolution	low-resolution
level of the transcript	level
leader region of the mRNA	region
spore DNA photochemistry	photochemistry
obvious similarity	similarity
nutrient starvation	starvation
tobacco hornworm	hornworm
central role	role
null allele	alleles
sedimenting-nucleoid	sedimenting-nucleoid
base substitution	substitution
transcription-repair	transcription-repair
single operon	operon
lagging-strand	lagging-strand
conformational change	change
glutamic acid	acid
response to environmental stress	response
arrangement of the gene	arrangement
neutral protease	protease
dyad axis	axis
model system	system
membrane association	association
partner-switching module	modules
fluorescent protein	protein
transposition gene	genes
temperate phage	phage
excess of glucose	excess
multicomponent phosphorelay	phosphorelay
carbon-limited growth	growth
catalytic activity	activity
DNA binding motif	motif
mitochondrial ATP-dependent protease	protease
major extension product	product
higher plant	plant
soluble cell protein	protein
integrational plasmids	plasmids
region of promoter	regions
mid-exponential	mid-exponential
signal-transduction system	systems
partial terminator	terminators
exogenous DNA	DNA
different source	sources
preferred site	sites
edema factor	factor
L-alanine	L-alanine
gel mobility shift experiment	experiments
cohesive end	ends
transcription initiation nucleotide	nucleotide
formation of the protein p3-dAMP complex	formation
transcriptional antitermination mechanism	mechanism
neutral pH	pH
adjacent trinucleotide repeat	repeats
host factor	factor
constitutive expression	expression
homology search	search
peptide antibiotic	antibiotic
leader peptide	peptide
chymotrypsinogen-like	chymotrypsinogen-like
% of the wild-type level	%
substrate-level phosphorylation	phosphorylation
late exponential phase	phase
two-dimensional	two-dimensional
sporulation-dependent	sporulation-dependent
steady-state	steady-state
mother cell chamber	chamber
minor promoter	promoter
C-terminal	C-terminal
heterologous host	host
N-terminus	N-terminus
spore compartment	compartment
DNA-binding	DNA-binding
carboxy-terminal region	region
nucleoprotein complex	complex
functional property	properties
chloramphenicol-resistant	chloramphenicol-resistant
ornithine carbamoyltransferase	carbamoyltransferase
sequence datum	data
anti-antiterminator	anti-antiterminator
stress sigma factor	factor
acetylglutamate synthase activity	activity
in vitro study	studies
chromosome partition	partition
single promoter	promoter
heterologous promoter	promoter
dipicolinic acid synthetase	synthetase
cDNA clone	clones
morphogenetic protein	protein
zymogen activation	activation
constant level	level
DNA-protein	DNA-protein
inner layer	layer
negative regulator	regulator
acetate kinase	kinase
unidentified open reading frame	frame
nuclease digestion	digestion
temporal regulation	regulation
intercellular signal transduction	transduction
imperfect inverted repeat	repeats
transcriptional initiation site	site
overlapping promoter specificity	specificity
upstream open reading frame	frame
dimerization domain	domain
second potential division site	site
anaerobic condition	conditions
transcription start site	site
molecular dynamics	dynamics
tryptophan biosynthetic gene	genes
shock condition	conditions
chloramphenicol-inducible chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity	activity
alkaline protease production	production
in vitro transcription assay	assay
low temperature	temperature
single-base-pair substitution	substitutions
pool ratio	ratio
formation of gas vesicle	formation
competent state	state
general application	application
peptidoglycan synthesis	synthesis
enzyme-link immunosorbent assay	assay
control of gene expression	control
flagellar operon	operons
delta-core	delta-core
crucial role	role
ionic condition	conditions
C-terminal output domain	domain
characterization of the gene	characterization
16S rRNA	rRNA
distal gene	gene
bladder tumour	tumors
mother-cell compartment	compartment
beginning of stationary phase	beginning
regulatory element	elements
transcription-repair coupling factor	factor
temporal pattern	pattern
first report	report
beta-barrel	beta-barrel
fusion gene	genes
various stage	stages
two-component regulatory system	system
expression of this gene	expression
transition-phase	transition-phase
viral DNA replication	replication
first open reading frame	frame
general stress sigma factor	factor
presence of arginine	presence
minor transcript	transcript
dipeptide transport system	system
short-column	short-column
COOH-terminal	COOH-terminal
two-domain response regulator	regulator
agricultural production	production
alpha-helical	alpha-helical
cellular protein	protein
membrane fraction	fraction
reverse transcription	transcription
genomic organization	organization
expression of the operon	expression
distinct site	sites
secondary messenger	messenger
hypothetical protein	protein
base pair	pair
proteolytic digestion	digestion
toxin gene	gene
sporulation-essential	sporulation-essential
chemotactic response	responses
mouse model	model
kb DNA segment	segment
inducer-binding	inducer-binding
presence of sucrose	presence
abundant protein	proteins
helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif	motif
active transport	transport
tetracycline-resistance	tetracycline-resistance
strong inhibition	inhibition
upstream region	region
stage-specific	stage-specific
insertion-deletion	insertion-deletion
cold-shock	cold-shock
secondary structure analysis	analysis
infected cell	cells
temperature-sensitive sporulation	sporulation
central part of the protein	part
ATP/ADP ratio	ratio
histidyl residue	residues
sigma-polypeptide	sigma-polypeptide
end of an open reading frame	end
engulfment of the forespore	engulfment
own gene	gene
delta factor	factor
spore resistance	resistance
non-haemolytic enterotoxin	enterotoxin
antigenic determinant	determinant
computer-aid	computer-aided
pH decrease	decrease
multiple stress resistance	resistance
large amount of toxin	amounts
in vitro transcription of SPP1 DNA	transcription
strong affinity	affinity
apparent molecular mass	mass
adjacent open reading frame	frames
culture pH	pH
crude cell extract	extract
transmission mechanism	mechanisms
mother-cell line of gene expression	line
site of crosslinks	sites
electron-dense	electron-dense
downstream promoter	promoter
phenylalanyl-tRNA	phenylalanyl-tRNA
non-heat shock condition	conditions
current study	studies
signal-transduction	signal-transduction
repressor protein	protein
halophilic archaea	archaea
artificial chromosome	chromosomes
sporulation polypeptide	polypeptides
circular dichroism spectroscopy	spectroscopy
synthetase activity	activity
motility operon	operons
molecular analysis	analysis
electrophoretic mobility shift	shift
low-copy-number plasmid	plasmid
beta-ribbon	beta-ribbon
phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent	phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent
O6-methylguanine-DNA	O6-methylguanine-DNA
S1 nuclease mapping	mapping
general property of the heat shock response	properties
late stage	stage
fusion protein	protein
efficient system	system
anther cell type	types
downstream module	module
trans-activator	trans-activator
general phenomenon	phenomenon
phosphate starvation-inducible promoter	promoter
hypochromicity of the DNA	hypochromicity
first gene of the operon	gene
C-terminal helix	helix
mRNA species	species
in vitro mutagenesis	mutagenesis
cell-type	cell-type
polymerase chain	chain
immunoblot analysis	analysis
binding motif	motif
large plasmids	plasmids
terminator-like	terminator-like
DNA-tyrocidine	DNA-tyrocidine
plant-pathogenic	plant-pathogenic
pre-tRNA	pre-tRNA
branched-chain amino acid	acid
growth medium	medium
DNase I	Dnase
negative regulator of sporulation	regulator
loss of repression	loss
glucose-specific	glucose-specific
acceptor activity	activity
consensus -35 region	region
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug	drugs
DNA replication	replication
kanamycin resistance gene	gene
acid-precipitable	acid-precipitable
anticodon loop	loop
sporulation-negative	sporulation-negative
N-acetylglutamate-5-semialdehyde	N-acetylglutamate-5-semialdehyde
high-molecular-weight	high-molecular-weight
tryptophan pathway enzyme	levels
tricistronic operon	operon
endonucleolytic cleavage	cleavage
cytolytic factor	factor
ribosome binding site	site
inverted repeat	repeat
wild-type allele	allele
genetic analysis	analysis
translation product	products
presence of excess tryptophan	presence
multi-gene	multi-gene
hydroxymethyl group	group
amino acyl residue	residues
extent of complementarity	extent
beta-lactamase	beta-lactamase
bifurcation bulge	bulge
normal level	levels
beta-galactosidase expression	expression
post-transcriptional level	level
onset of competence	onset
low pH	pH
novel role	role
nitrogen-fixing	nitrogen-fixing
readthrough rate	rate
flagellum biogenesis	biogenesis
nutrient sporulation medium	medium
monocistronic mRNA	mRNA
transcription terminator sequence	sequences
TF1 dimer	dimers
yeast tryptophan synthase gene terminator	terminator
downstream startpoint	startpoint
gel filtration chromatography	chromatography
distinct pathway	pathways
rho-independent	rho-independent
single-strand	single-strand
nucleotide sequence of the promoter	sequence
arachidonic acid pathway	pathway
acetyl cycle of arginine biosynthesis	cycle
catalytic moiety of the ribonucleoprotein enzyme	moiety
subcellular localization	localization
forespore-specific gene	gene
low guanine	guanine
sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis	electrophoresis
transcriptional activator	activator
mutant promoter	promoter
developmental gene	genes
own gene product	product
compartment-specific	compartment-specific
brush-border	brush-border
phosphate concentration	concentration
Mg-citrate	Mg-citrate
growth-phase-dependent	growth-phase-dependent
streptolydigin resistance	resistance
host core polymerase	polymerase
selectable marker	marker
terminal redundancy	redundancy
oxidative stress	stress
close proximity	proximity
degradative enzyme	enzyme
alpha domain	domain
multicopy vector	vector
colony hybridization	hybridization
inducible regulation	regulation
additional role	role
process of endospore formation	process
presence of cellobiose	presence
onset of stationary phase	onset
amino acid identity	identity
cell-type-specific	cell-type-specific
small protein	protein
physical organization	organization
global transcriptional regulator	regulator
cis-acting	cis-acting
sigma-like	sigma-like
ribosomal protein	protein
5'-part	5'-part
cognate protein	proteins
blot analysis	analysis
result of this experiment	results
multiple role	roles
amino-acid repression	repression
further increase	increase
rRNA-tRNA operon	operons
beta-lactamase gene	gene
stimulatory effect	effect
stem-loop	stem-loop
repressive effect	effect
arginine biosynthesis	biosynthesis
substrate-binding domain	domain
major role	role
class of promoter	class
tyrocidine complex	complex
promoter-probe plasmids	plasmids
DNA uptake	uptake
coat protein	protein
previous experiment	experiments
promoter mutation	mutation
positive regulator	regulator
peroxisome proliferators	proliferators
precursor-specific	precursor-specific
phyletic tree	tree
repressor-operator	repressor-operator
high affinity	affinity
evolutionary relationship	relationship
peptide antibiotic gramicidin	gramicidin
CO2-enhanced	CO2-enhanced
carboxyl domain	domain
precursor sequence	sequences
environmental stress	stress
total protein	protein
S1 nuclease mapping experiment	experiments
inducible promoter	promoter
exhaustion of nutrient broth	exhaustion
asymmetric cell division	division
defective-sporulation phenotype	Suppression
late time of infection	times
biological function	function
tRNA gene cluster	cluster
transcriptional regulatory protein	protein
oligopeptide permease	permease
presence of chloramphenicol	presence
thymidine incorporation	incorporation
inositol-inducible	inositol-inducible
tetracycline resistance	resistance
enzyme of the acetyl cycle of arginine biosynthesis	enzymes
low concentration	concentration
biotin carboxyl carrier protein	protein
construction of a strain	construction
in vitro transcription experiment	experiments
exponential growth to stationary phase	growth
structural element	elements
spore synthesis	synthesis
resistance to kanamycin	resistance
complete nucleotide sequence	sequence
phosphatase activity	activity
hybridization pattern	pattern
DNA-cellulose	DNA-cellulose
regulation of transcription initiation	regulation
prespore compartment	compartment
protoxin gene	genes
presence of xylose	presence
offspring phage	phage
uninfected cell	cells
strong promoter	promoter
fermentation engineer	engineer
in vitro protein synthesis	synthesis
acetyl phosphate	phosphate
chloramphenicol inducibility	inducibility
promoter activity experiment	experiments
low-molecular-weight	low-molecular-weight
histidine transport	inhibition
sugar kinase	kinases
open-reading frame	frame
cell membrane	membrane
translational start site	sites
complementation group	groups
forespore compartment	compartment
solid medium	medium
same-site suppressor	suppressors
antibiotic biosynthesis gene	gene
non-heat-shocked	non-heat-shocked
salt stress	stress
presence of tryptophan	presence
glucose-glutamine	glucose-glutamine
development of competence	development
present work	work
ornithine residue	residues
adjacent gene	gene
asparagine synthetase	synthetase
DNA-binding affinity	affinity
S1 nuclease analysis	analysis
long-term	long-term
spore-specific protein	protein
in vitro transcription system	system
actinorhodin production	production
dimethyl sulfate	sulfate
cell type	type
previous genetic study	studies
reduced affinity	affinity
partial homology	homology
ATP-binding cassette transporter	transporter
normal sigma subunit	subunit
canonical promoter	promoter
transition state regulator	regulator
premature termination	termination
high-copy	high-copy
flagellar synthesis	synthesis
signal transduction	transduction
exponential to stationary phase	exponential
putative termination site	site
insertional plasmid	plasmid
DNA supercoiling	supercoiling
2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase	dehydrogenase
gene expression level	levels
dose-dependent	dose-dependent
lethal factor	factor
null mutation	mutation
Mn-superoxide	Mn-superoxide
loss of the appropriate SASP	loss
transport protein	proteins
DNA curvature	curvature
% of the total cellular protein	%
enhanced synthesis of mRNA	synthesis
two-gene	two-gene
outside of the cytoplasmic membrane	outside
DNA-binding domain	domain
flagellar filament	filaments
regulator protein	protein
heterodiploid cell	cells
different time point	points
CIRCE-specific	CIRCE-specific
shift assay	assay
insertional mutation	mutation
mutant strain	strain
adjacent base	base
signal input	input
bp DNA segment	segment
elevated level of CO2	levels
in vitro system	system
regulatory signal	signals
guanidine hydrochloride	hydrochloride
capsule synthesis	regulation
form of regulation	form
sequence of the gene	sequence
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
integrative plasmid vector	vector
elevated level of the tryptophan pathway enzyme	levels
multiple protoxin gene	genes
salt stress condition	conditions
transcriptional promoter	promoter
methicillin resistance	resistance
high-performance	high-performance
DNA melting	melting
hydrophobic segment	segments
competition experiment	experiments
gene disruption experiment	experiments
catabolite-responsive element	element
partial purine starvation	starvation
agarose gel electrophoresis	electrophoresis
growth-rate	growth-rate
target site	site
kb fragment	fragment
presence of amino acid	presence
head-on collision	collisions
programme of gene expression	programme
possible target region	region
protein translocation	translocation
effector-independent	effector-independent
inner structure	structure
heat-shock gene	genes
S1-type mapping	mapping
regulation of ammonium uptake	regulation
core subunit	subunits
transcription of the folate operon	transcription
positive transcription factor	factor
zinc uptake	uptake
reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction	reaction
consensus oligomers	oligomers
salt-sensitive	salt-sensitive
low level	level
mature form	form
template function of microbial deoxyribonucleic acid	function
target DNA	DNA
response to growth stage	response
intercellular signal transduction pathway	pathway
entire operon	operon
mode of action	mode
DNA damage	damage
mutant plasmids	plasmids
leucine-dependent	leucine-dependent
amplification of spoVG	amplification
DNA-DNA hybridization	hybridization
genetic study	study
subtilisin-like	subtilisin-like
direct role	role
carrier protein	protein
progeny cell	cells
NH2 terminus	terminus
product function	functions
untranslated leader	leader
temperature upshift	upshift
post-germinative development	development
efficient mutant promoter	promoters
stage V	stage
rate of initiation	rate
additional open reading frame	frame
cyclic peptide antibiotic tyrocidine	tyrocidine
distal gene of an operon	gene
DNA-damaging agent	agents
promoter-proximal	promoter-proximal
osmotic response	response
single gene	gene
international project	project
anti-inflammatory drug	drugs
discontinuous elongation	elongation
full expression	expression
effect of glucose	effect
early stage of germination	stage
methyl methanesulfonate	methanesulfonate
DNA primase	primase
terminal inverted repeat	repeats
DNA-packaging	DNA-packaging
ferric-iron-reduction activity	activity
ATP-binding	ATP-binding
mutant cell	cells
genetic control	control
bacterial endospore formation	formation
in vitro transcript	transcript
ammonium sulfate fractionation	fractionation
common transcription antitermination mechanism	mechanism
late competence operon	operons
initiation codon	codon
uninfected bacterium	bacteria
transcription readthrough	readthrough
elevated transcription	transcription
microbial protein	proteins
Histidase expression	expression
mother cell-specific sigma factor	factor
half-life	half-life
first structural gene	gene
early stage of sporulation	stage
nutrient broth	broth
fatty acid synthesis	synthesis
different developmental path	paths
high copy number	number
high concentration	concentrations
identification of the promoter	Identification
member of the family	members
spore resistance to heat	resistance
hydroxyl radical	radical
extensive sequence homology	homology
regulatory sequence	sequence
penicillin-binding	penicillin-binding
crystal protein gene promoter	promoters
% sequence similarity	similarity
specific role	role
hmw DNA	DNA
phenobarbital-responsive	phenobarbital-responsive
SASP gene	genes
Recent result	results
putative sigma factor	factor
transcription of phage DNA	transcription
molecular level	level
protective role	role
inducer-dependent	inducer-dependent
forespore-specific gene expression	expression
DNA alkylation	alkylation
system-dependent	system-dependent
run-off	run-off
family of transcriptional activator	family
translational attenuation mechanism	mechanism
rifamycin treatment	treatment
functional equivalency	equivalence
sequence-specific DNA-binding protein	protein
amino acid sequence analysis	analysis
contact point	points
operon organization	organization
formation of the sporulation septum	formation
insertion mutation	mutation
synthetic RNAs	RNAs
surface plasmon resonance analysis	analysis
direct selection	selection
amidotransferase subunit	subunit
transcription of the gene	transcription
stopped-flow	stopped-flow
protein of unknown function	protein
carboxyl carrier protein	protein
specific affinity	affinity
target sequence	sequences
nutrient deprivation	deprivation
nucleoside phosphorylase	phosphorylase
transcriptional terminator	terminator
sporulation septum formation	formation
C-terminal part	part
% inhibitive concentration	concentration
secretory precursor protein	proteins
secondary structural feature	features
3-phosphoglycerate	3-phosphoglycerate
significant effect	effect
noninducing condition	conditions
chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene	gene
elevated temperature	temperature
stress-responsive	stress-responsive
response to phosphate starvation	response
chloramphenicol-inducible	chloramphenicol-inducible
inappropriate transcription of gene	transcription
high copy plasmid	plasmid
developmental path	paths
inositol-inducible promoter	promoter
active staphylokinase	staphylokinase
production of extracellular enzyme	production
pleiotropic phenotype	phenotype
plasmid instability	instability
major transcript	transcripts
downstream gene	gene
template specificity	specificity
physical mapping	mapping
lamellar inner layer	layer
chromosomal replication	initiation
specific recognition	recognition
present study	study
imperfect dyad	dyad
in vitro transcription analysis	analysis
flagellar biosynthesis	biosynthesis
regulator of gene expression	regulator
large variety of change	variety
threshold level	level
strand separation	separation
leader region of the operon	region
kDa polypeptide	polypeptide
feedback loop	loop
protective antigen	antigen
sporulation mutant	mutants
molecular weight	weight
anaerobic respiration	respiration
early flagellar synthesis	synthesis
stress activation pathway	pathway
sporulation septum	septum
single step	step
primary structure	structure
common origin	origin
culture medium	medium
in vivo site	sites
genetic evidence	evidence
kb transcription	transcription
size of the mRNAs	size
adenylate cyclase	cyclase
target promoter	promoters
food preservative	preservative
catabolite-resistant sporulation	sporulation
FNR-dependent	FNR-dependent
antisigma factor	factor
spore conversion	conversion
primer extension analysis	analysis
cell separation	separation
primary sequence	sequence
ATP-dependent	ATP-dependent
amino acid starvation	starvation
myo-inositol	myo-inositol
nucleic acid	acids
environmental stress signal	signals
attenuation protein	protein
transcriptional apparatus	apparatus
GC-rich	GC-rich
additional gene	genes
key role	role
in vivo assay	assay
tandem promoter	promoters
3'-terminal	3'-terminal
clinical tuberculosis	tuberculosis
start-point	start-point
temperature-dependent	temperature-dependent
Bt-susceptible strain	strain
upstream gene	gene
bubble template	templates
division septum	septum
downstream propagation	propagation
high efficiency	efficiency
% of identity	%
transcriptional specificity	specificity
(IPTG)-inducible	(IPTG)-inducible
cell shape	shape
termination-antitermination	termination-antitermination
temperature-sensitive	temperature-sensitive
nitrate respiration	respiration
functional enzyme	enzyme
transcriptional antiterminator	antiterminator
alpha-factor	alpha-factor
broad-spectrum antibacterial activity	activity
ATP-binding motif	motif
spore septum	septum
transcriptional repressor	repressor
ribonuclease activity	activity
NAD biosynthesis	biosynthesis
mother cell gene expression	expression
cell-free system	system
constitutive transcription	transcription
stage 0	stage
A/U-rich	A/U-rich
DNA recombination	recombination
SOS-box sequence	sequences
sequence alignment	alignment
ribosome-binding	ribosome-binding
efficient sporulation	sporulation
N-terminal amino acid sequence	sequence
core-binding	core-binding
strict aerobe	aerobe
response to nutritional stress	response
potassium permanganate	permanganate
plate transformation technique	technique
outer coat	coat
cadmium resistance gene	genes
delta subunit	subunit
proximal promoter region	region
50S subunit of the ribosome	subunit
extensive similarity	similarity
in vivo analysis	analysis
mother cell	cell
tyrocidine synthetase	synthetase
bp sequence	sequence
degradation intermediate	intermediates
gene expression	expression
primary sigma factor	factor
protein product	product
cell wall protein	proteins
ammonium uptake	uptake
cross-regulatory	cross-regulatory
L-tryptophan	L-tryptophan
hybrid gene	gene
asporogenous mutant	mutants
cell-specific sigma factor	factor
promoter clearance	clearance
logarithmic phase of growth	phase
heat shock	shock
guanosine regulation	regulation
hydrogen peroxide	peroxide
carboxyl-terminal region	region
N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate reductase	reductase
energy stress	stress
haem domain	domain
implication of this finding	implications
active growth	growth
phase-bright	phase-bright
yeast amidophosphoribosyltransferase	amidophosphoribosyltransferase
low homology	homology
electron transfer	transfer
short promoter	promoter
repressive effect of glucose	effect
presence of starch	presence
northern hybridization analysis	analysis
molecular characterization	characterization
developmental fate	fate
control of late transcription	control
rapid equilibrium	equilibrium
bipolar pattern	pattern
histidine protein kinase	kinase
promoter selectivity	selectivity
kb insert	insert
complex control	controls
active chromosome	chromosome
cellular differentiation	differentiation
Anti-rho antibody	antibody
aminoacyl-tRNA	aminoacyl-tRNA
single transcription start site	site
monocistronic transcriptional unit	unit
direct interaction	interaction
genomic DNA	DNA
different stage	stages
phage DNA synthesis	synthesis
isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside	isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside
line of evidence	lines
high-copy-number plasmid	plasmid
beta-galactosidase	beta-galactosidase
overlapping transcript	transcripts
non-mosquitocidal	non-mosquitocidal
N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine	N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine
guanine residue	residues
previous report	report
competence transcription factor	factor
biosynthetic site	sites
tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase	synthetase
single copy	copy
utilization of fumarate	utilization
enzymatic activity	activity
high-molecular-weight PBPs	PBPs
specific protection	protection
in vivo study	studies
vegetative sigma factor	factor
anaerobic growth condition	conditions
structural stability	stability
mono-oxygenase	mono-oxygenase
mother cell cytoplasm	cytoplasm
in vivo RNAs	RNAs
putative ribosomal binding site	site
identification of a gene	Identification
non-haemolytic	non-haemolytic
S1 mapping analysis	analysis
beta-galactosidase activity	activity
concentration-dependent manner	manner
crystal protein gene	gene
elevated level	level
cytoplasmic promoter	promoter
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride	fluoride
structural similarity	similarity
heat-stable	heat-stable
end of the operon	end
cell-density-dependent	cell-density-dependent
3'-end	3'-end
host cell	cell
type-specific	type-specific
intracellular growth	growth
necrotic enteritis	enteritis
sporulation deficiency	deficiency
gel filtration	filtration
peptide map	map
helical turn	turn
flagellar structure	structure
amino-acid	amino-acid
regulation of an operon	regulation
dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase	dehydrogenase
L-arginine-dependent	L-arginine-dependent
DNA rearrangement	rearrangement
single-amino acid substitution	substitution
forespore-specific	forespore-specific
response to glucose	response
transcription complex	complex
phosphotransferase system	system
characterization of mutation	characterization
culture supernatants	supernatants
second stage	stage
expression of a gene	expression
homologous operon	operon
inactive precursor protein	protein
alkyl hydroperoxide reductase	reductase
regulatory network	network
bipolar pattern of localization	pattern
chromosomal crystal gene	gene
phosphorylation reaction	reaction
phosphate-limited growth	growth
northern blot analysis	analysis
% of total cellular protein	%
h of sporulation	h
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	dehydrogenase
pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase	phosphorylase
downstream propagation of the transcription bubble	propagation
inhibitory effect	effect
sequence-specific contact	contacts
polar division	division
translation initiation codon	codon
phosphorylated response regulator	regulator
high-osmolarity	high-osmolarity
granuloma formation	formation
alkaline phosphatase	phosphatase
putative product	product
major open reading frame	frames
time point	points
reverse transcriptase	transcriptase
industrial Gram-positive bacterium	bacteria
bp inverted repeat	repeat
unknown mechanism	mechanism
significant similarity	similarity
regulatory cascade	cascade
aerial mycelium	mycelium
clinical specimen	specimens
electroporation system	system
dual role	role
5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate	1-pyrophosphate
T-box	T-box
various reporter gene	genes
two-dimensional gel electrophoresis	electrophoresis
genomic library	library
zinc ligand	ligands
beta-glucoside utilization	utilization
abortive infection of bacteriophage	infection
viral DNA synthesis	synthesis
integrated plasmid	plasmid
high degree of similarity	degree
foot-printing	foot-printing
essential protein	protein
cold shock	shock
promoter function	function
viral promoter	promoters
sporulation-specific	sporulation-specific
spore coat gene	genes
cognate uncharged tRNA	tRNA
tyrosyl-tRNA	tyrosyl-tRNA
terminal repeat	repeat
resistant strain	strain
result of cell fractionation experiment	results
replication initiation protein	protein
metabolic stress	stress
anti-competitive effect	effects
complementation analysis	analysis
upstream promoter	promoter
false-positive	false-positive
promoter probe	probe
mature scRNA	scRNA
Y-box	Y-box
expression of a reporter gene	expression
L-lactate	L-lactate
time-lapse	time-lapse
spore heat resistance	resistance
viral late promoter	promoter
bifunctional enzyme	enzyme
pattern of protein synthesis	pattern
site-specific mutation	mutations
response to change	response
plasmid maintenance	maintenance
alpha-toxin	alpha-toxin
weak promoter	promoter
optimum pH	pH
homologous domain	domain
gene of unknown function	gene
temperature-sensitive sporulation phenotype	phenotype
kDa tryptic fragment	fragment
1-pyrophosphate	1-pyrophosphate
Southern hybridization study	studies
minimal medium	medium
strong peptide sequence identity	identity
restriction endonuclease	endonuclease
reaction condition	conditions
compartment-specific transcription factor	factor
DEAE-cellulose chromatography	chromatography
forespore gene expression	expression
putative ribosome-binding site	site
bp fragment	fragment
chloramphenicol acetyltransferase	acetyltransferase
S1 nuclease	nuclease
recombinant protein	protein
heat stress	stress
start of sporulation	start
expression of this operon	expression
chimerical alpha subunit	subunit
tryptophan-dependent manner	manner
start site of transcription	site
block sporulation	locus
energy source	source
protease activity	activity
multiple sigma factor	association
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase	synthetase
coiled-coil	coiled-coil
regulation of gene activity	regulation
bacterial spore formation	formation
rho-independent terminator of transcription	terminators
broth culture	cultures
logarithmic-phase growth	growth
rRNA-tRNA	rRNA-tRNA
developmental transcription factor	factor
efficient translation	translation
DNA molecule	molecules
fractionation experiment	experiments
alpha-acetolactate	alpha-acetolactate
wild-type spore	spores
amino acid protein	protein
methionine-free	methionine-free
mid-cell	mid-cell
last gene	gene
putative DD-carboxypeptidase	DD-carboxypeptidase
ATP-dependent protease	protease
different stage of cell growth	stages
thioesterase domain	domain
size of the subpopulation	size
putative gene	genes
exogenous pyrimidine	pyrimidines
amino acid sequence motif	motifs
acetyl-transferase	acetyl-transferase
RAT-like	RAT-like
site of distortion	sites
lactate dehydrogenase	dehydrogenase
single-chain	single-chain
role of plasmids	role
region of the genome	regions
treatment of cell	treatment
regulatory locus	locus
penicillin-binding protein	protein
putative DNA-binding domain	domain
peptide structure	structure
number of gag repeat	number
r-protein	r-protein
absolute requirement	requirement
specific function	function
end of the pRNA	ends
intact gene	gene
transcription attenuation mechanism	mechanism
small DNA-binding protein	protein
second regulatory circuit	circuit
lytic cycle	cycle
biosynthetic pathway	pathway
cell-wall	cell-wall
initiation of DNA replication	initiation
electron acceptor	acceptor
in vitro condition	conditions
chromosomal replication origin	origin
chromosomal segment	segment
potential vegetative promoter	promoter
negative control	control
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	dehydrogenase
minimal glucose medium	medium
number of gene	number
establishment of differential gene expression	establishment
phosphate-starvation	phosphate-starvation
leader region	region
potential promoter sequence	sequences
initiation of chromosomal replication	initiation
meiotic prophase	prophase
maintenance of the intracellular redox balance	maintenance
restriction-modification	restriction-modification
primer protein	protein
nitrogen limitation	limitation
high expression	expression
protein-priming mechanism	mechanism
maximal level	levels
viral protein	protein
pyrimidine nucleotide	nucleotide
physicochemical property	properties
expression of the penicillinase gene	expression
cis-acting element	element
wild-type gene	gene
coleopteran-specific	coleopteran-specific
selective association	association
transition-state	transition-state
signal transduction mechanism	mechanism
iron-sulfur protein	protein
human monocyte	monocytes
reporter gene expression	expression
cell-specific gene transcription	transcription
arsenate-sensitive phenotype	phenotype
viral genome	genome
rho-independent transcription terminator	terminator
identification of target promoter	Identification
general stress regulon	regulon
G-dependent	G-dependent
single copy gene	gene
excess tryptophan	presence
specifier codon	codon
end of the exponential growth phase	end
hook-basal	hook-basal
heterologous protein	proteins
full-length transcript	transcript
inhibition of histidine transport	inhibition
high methicillin resistance	resistance
essential role	role
Compartment-specific transcription	transcription
effector domain	domain
establishment of cell-specific gene transcription	establishment
dsDNA phage	phages
specific DNA site	sites
mother cell lysis	lysis
kinase activity	activity
spore germination	germination
cysteine residue	residue
GTP-binding	GTP-binding
regulatory role	role
genetic approach	approach
post-transcriptional	post-transcriptional
inappropriate transcription	transcription
phosphate starvation response	response
starvation-inducible promoter	promoter
inactive complex	complex
chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity	activity
template-selective	template-selective
N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase	amidase
immunity repressor	repressor
transcription-translation attenuation mechanism	mechanism
deletion endpoints	endpoints
histidine induction	induction
substrate recognition	recognition
single amino acid substitution	substitution
better-than-random	better-than-random
transcriptional start	start
processing factor	factors
sequence of the promoter	sequence
L-arginine	L-arginine
various nitrogen source	sources
new family of bacterial regulatory protein	family
posttranscriptional regulation	regulation
alpha-glucosidase	alpha-glucosidase
large deletion	deletions
bacterial spore	spore
post-exponential	post-exponential
selective medium	medium
osmotic upshock	upshock
homologous sequence	sequences
polycistronic transcript	transcript
intercompartmental coupling	coupling
previous study	study
3-phosphate	3-phosphate
previous publication	publication
activation pathway	pathway
product of a gene	product
transmembrane protein	protein
homologous DNA	DNA
negative regulatory factor	factor
functional promoter	promoter
response-regulator	response-regulator
Gram-positive genus	genera
Recent experiment	experiments
mucoid phenotype	phenotype
positive selection vector	vector
functional homology	homology
monoclonal antibody	antibody
stress-inducible	stress-inducible
nucleotide sequence analysis	analysis
intercompartmental communication	communication
process of spore formation	process
post-induction	post-induction
mid-exponential phase	phase
3-methyladenine	3-methyladenine
operator-like	operator-like
second promoter	promoter
major promoter	promoter
acid-soluble protein	proteins
nitrogen-limited growth	growth
mutant protein	protein
strong ribosome-binding site	site
uracil permease	permease
marker replacement	replacement
start point of transcription	point
bacterial gene	gene
unit cell	cell
two-dimensional gel	gels
presence of bicarbonate	presence
transcription-polymerase	transcription-polymerase
cell envelope	envelope
early stationary phase of growth	phase
dimer formation	formation
inverted repeat sequence	sequence
signal recognition	recognition
DNA-DNA	DNA-DNA
cytoplasmic membrane	membrane
spore development	development
tetracycline-sensitive	tetracycline-sensitive
frequency of initiation	frequency
secretion signal	signals
terminator protein	protein
beta-1,4-glucanase	beta-1,4-glucanase
transcription initiation signal	signals
pleiotropic regulatory gene	gene
chymotrypsin-like	chymotrypsin-like
DNA-binding site	site
stress adaptation	adaptation
rotational orientation	orientation
Gram-negative organism	organisms
establishment of cell type	establishment
expression library	library
cell line	lines
ornithine acetyltransferase	acetyltransferase
efficient expression	expression
polycistronic message	message
beta-galactosidase synthesis	synthesis
% amino acid sequence identity	identity
secondary sigma factor	factor
transcription of downstream gene	transcription
subtilisin gene	gene
nuclease S1	nuclease
different pathway	pathways
transcription of this gene	transcription
suppression of defective-sporulation phenotype	Suppression
specialized transducing phage	phage
activity of protein kinase	activities
mercury resistance determinant	determinant
upstream startpoint	startpoint
polar mode	mode
maximum expression	expression
anti-anti-sigma factor	factor
early transcript	transcripts
arrangement of this gene	arrangement
sucrose-inducible	sucrose-inducible
agar plate	plates
APase production	production
ribosome function	function
sporulation-specific promoter	promoter
premature transcription termination	termination
growth pH	pH
signal sequence	sequence
response to starvation	response
formation of the antiterminator	formation
DNA-binding property	properties
cell-cycle	cell-cycle
consensus region	regions
catabolite activation	activation
course of spore formation	course
transcriptional analysis	analysis
linear peptide antibiotic gramicidin	gramicidin
gel retardation assay	assay
negative signal	signals
S1-type	S1-type
structure-function	structure-function
starvation-inducible	starvation-inducible
NH2-terminal portion	portion
CO2 effect	effect
nuclease S1 protection experiment	experiments
apparent transcription start site	site
gene replacement	replacement
high salt concentration	concentrations
cell protein	protein
colony-stimulate	colony-stimulating
response to tryptophan	response
type of organism	types
permissive temperature	temperature
morphologic event	events
catalytic property	properties
5-methyltryptophan	5-methyltryptophan
near homogeneity	homogeneity
host-vector	host-vector
high-performance liquid chromatography	chromatography
primer extension method	method
sporulation-deficient phenotype	phenotype
full-length	full-length
production of beta-lactamase	production
DNA-binding protein	protein
GTP-binding protein	protein
abortive infection	infection
operator region	region
gel mobility shift assay	assays
site-specific recombination	recombination
crystal synthesis	synthesis
alpha/beta-type SASP	SASP
expression of the gene	expression
kanamycin resistance	resistance
green fluorescent protein	protein
high frequency	frequency
mRNA expression	expression
tryptophan synthase	synthase
A/T-rich	A/T-rich
specific recognition target	target
nonsense mutation	mutation
exponential growth phase	phase
additional mutation	mutations
glycerol kinase	kinase
utilization of a promoter	utilization
acidic protein	protein
expression of the gene of tryptophan biosynthesis	expression
in vitro transcription of the gene	transcription
stem-and-loop	stem-and-loop
engulfment of the prespore	engulfment
putative helix-turn-helix	helix-turn-helix
SASP-DNA	SASP-DNA
mobility-shift	mobility-shift
probable ribosome-binding site	site
nucleoid template	templates
glutamate residue	residue
in vivo transcription	transcription
genetic screen	screen
catabolite-responsive	catabolite-responsive
polymerase chain reaction	reaction
protein biosynthesis	biosynthesis
inverted-repeat	inverted-repeat
transcription of poly(dA-dT)	transcription
clostridial species	species
double-strand DNA	DNA
heat-stable enzyme	enzymes
signal-transduction pathway	pathway
nalidixic acid	acid
insecticidal protein	proteins
termination/antitermination of transcription	termination/antitermination
vegetative promoter	promoter
arrest site	site
G/C-rich	G/C-rich
logarithmic-phase	logarithmic-phase
early protein	proteins
nucleotide sequence of the gene	sequence
acid dehydrogenase	dehydrogenase
defective-sporulation	defective-sporulation
ethanol treatment	treatment
kDa peptide	peptide
phosphorylation pathway	pathway
uncharged tRNA	tRNA
essential nutrient	nutrient
thymine dimer 5-thyminyl-5,6-dihydrothymine	5-thyminyl-5,6-dihydrothymine
protease-sensitive	protease-sensitive
internal promoter	promoter
time-course	time-course
target gene	gene
experimental condition	conditions
bacterial endospore coat	coat
insertion-deletion mutation	mutation
loss-of-function	loss-of-function
low-iron condition	conditions
kb operon	operon
bicistronic operon	operon
in vitro transcription/translation assay	assays
low-level	low-level
lysyl-tRNA	lysyl-tRNA
agar medium	medium
arginine deiminase	deiminase
stop codon	codon
loss of heat resistance	loss
isogenic strain	strains
biological function of gramicidin	function
cell cycle	cycle
UAG repeat	repeats
tryptophan fluorescence	fluorescence
spacer nucleotide	nucleotides
repressor-like	repressor-like
carbon starvation	starvation
second open reading frame	frame
two-component signal transduction system	system
pro-protein processing	processing
gel electrophoresis mobility shift assay	assay
clavulanic acid biosynthesis	biosynthesis
establishment of compartment-specific transcription	establishment
processing of gene product	processing
viral late transcription	transcription
transition state	state
protoporphyrinogen oxidase	oxidase
structural protein	proteins
eubacterial species	species
temperature gradient gel electrophoresis	electrophoresis
long-range	long-range
sigma factor production	production
wild-type	wild-type
heat-shock	heat-shock
levanase expression	expression
starvation condition	conditions
gluconate permease	permease
beta-1,4-glucanase mRNA	amount
absence of fatty acid synthesis	absence
mother-cell-specific	mother-cell-specific
transcriptional regulation of gene	regulation
peroxide regulon	regulon
antagonist protein	protein
triosephosphate isomerase	isomerase
stable complex	complex
kb segment	segment
amino acid limitation	limitation
wild type	type
gas vesicle	vesicle
temporal pattern of gene expression	pattern
phenobarbital-regulated	phenobarbital-regulated
genetic engineer	engineer
translational coupling	coupling
glucose dehydrogenase gene	gene
fourth hour of sporulation	hour
physical map	map
signal transduction network	network
early-stationary-phase cell	cells
phosphorylated form	forms
gradient gel electrophoresis	electrophoresis
long open reading frame	frame
% homology	homology
independent transcriptional unit	units
transcriptional startpoint	startpoint
dipicolinic acid	acid
common core	core
developmental checkpoint	checkpoint
preceding paper	paper
phase-dependent	phase-dependent
rho-dependent	Rho-dependent
degradative enzyme synthesis	synthesis
anthranilate synthase	synthase
anti-sigma factor	factor
glycine-rich	glycine-rich
processing site	sites
normal expression	expression
adjacent base pair	pairs
early stage of spore development	stage
primer-extension	primer-extension
wild-type complex	complex
ferric-uptake	ferric-uptake
threonyl-tRNA synthetase	synthetase
implication of this result	implications
mother cell membrane	membrane
resistance to oxidative stress	resistance
cysteinyl-tRNA	cysteinyl-tRNA
log-phase	log-phase
spore coat	coat
cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase	synthetase
structural feature	features
Cytokine mRNA expression	expression
metabolic signal	signals
various stage of sporulation	stages
bacterial regulatory protein	proteins
enteric bacterium	bacteria
nitrogen starvation	starvation
processing machinery	machinery
bacterial species	species
antibiotic production	production
Southern hybridization analysis	analysis
effect of alanine substitution	effects
region of the gene	region
arginine residue	residues
competence regulation	regulation
prokaryotic gene	genes
eukaryotic organism	organisms
mRNA expression level	levels
cold-shocked cell	cells
delta-endotoxin	delta-endotoxin
regulatory protein	protein
cell density	density
hybridization study	studies
total cellular protein	protein
alpha-helix	alpha-helix
region of the promoter	region
mechanism of action	mechanism
minor sigma factor	factor
ATP-binding cassette	cassette
developmental stage	stage
transcriptional unit	unit
protein fusion	fusions
protein release	release
transition to stationary phase	transition
stationary phase of growth	phase
carboxyl-end	carboxyl-end
change-of-specificity	change-of-specificity
glutamyl-tRNA	glutamyl-tRNA
factor-independent	factor-independent
fusion transcript	transcript
in vitro transcription reaction	reactions
sequence-dependent DNA flexibility	flexibility
sequence alteration	alterations
bacterial pathogen	pathogens
face of the helix	face
strong similarity	similarity
structural gene of the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase	genes
suppressor mutant	mutants
bacterial endospore	endospore
spatial control	control
competence operon	operons
formation of the polar septum	formation
T-rich	T-rich
spore-specific	spore-specific
consensus promoter	promoter
cleavage site	site
phosphate input	input
alkaline phosphatase production	production
putative DNA	DNA
poly-D-glutamic	poly-D-glutamic
gluconate metabolism	metabolism
theta replicon	replicon
transport system	system
C-domain	C-domain
early gene	genes
overlapping promoter	promoter
low-iron	low-iron
expression-secretion	expression-secretion
modified form	form
upstream site	site
epistatic interaction	interactions
external pH	pH
two-hybrid	two-hybrid
anti-competitive	anti-competitive
Gram-positive eubacteria	eubacteria
proteolytic activation	activation
terminal electron acceptor	acceptor
weak expression	expression
positive control	control
N-terminal sequence analysis	analysis
teichuronic acid	acid
homoserine dehydrogenase	dehydrogenase
pro-protein	pro-protein
half-maximal	half-maximal
zinc homeostasis	homeostasis
serine acetyl-transferase	acetyl-transferase
catalytic region	region
fluorescence microscopy	microscopy
H2O2-inducible	H2O2-inducible
gas vesicle formation	formation
threonyl-tRNA synthetase gene	gene
aa sequence	sequence
limited proteolysis	proteolysis
overlapping terminator	terminator
late gene	genes
RNA-polymerase	RNA-polymerase
control region	region
recombinant molecule	molecules
physiological function	function
observed regulation	regulation
completion of prespore engulfment	completion
lytic activity	activity
critical residue	residue
infected minicells	minicells
new locus	locus
disassembly of protein complex	disassembly
teichoic acid	acid
spacer region	region
amount of DNA synthesis	amounts
indicator gene	gene
cell wall protein layer	layers
developmental process	process
temporal sequence	sequence
functional relationship	relationship
log phase	phase
bacterial chromosome	chromosome
direct transcription	transcription
core region	region
anti-rho	anti-rho
strong homology	homology
antiparallel beta-sheet	beta-sheet
transcription termination signal	signal
electron microscopy	microscopy
primer extension mapping	mapping
dose-dependent manner	manner
positive selection	selection
proteolytic degradation	degradation
developmental gene transcription	transcription
transcriptional fusion	fusion
acyl residue	residues
fluoroquinolone resistance	resistance
establishment of cell-specific gene expression	establishment
threonyl-tRNA	threonyl-tRNA
phosphoprotein phosphotransferase	phosphotransferase
symmetrical ring	ring
enhanced transcription	transcription
second hour of sporulation	hour
rho-independent transcription termination signal	signals
alpha-amylase promoter	promoter
50S subunit	subunit
regulation of gene	regulation
zinc uptake regulator	regulator
hydroxyl radical footprinting	footprinting
membrane viscosity	viscosity
transcription start point	point
response regulator gene	genes
pair of two-component regulatory protein	pair
enzyme of the arachidonic acid pathway	enzymes
number of transcript	number
hybridization probe	probe
major teichoic acid	acid
ionic strength	strength
ribonucleic acid	acid
inverted repeat region	region
log-phase growth	growth
autolysin production	production
restrictive temperature	temperatures
histone-like	histone-like
sporulation efficiency	efficiency
run-off transcription	transcription
expression system	system
tryptophan transport	transport
genetic mapping experiment	experiments
transcription initiation site	site
binding protein	protein
presence of an open reading frame	presence
transcription map	map
operator sequence	sequence
flagellin promoter	promoter
oral cavity	cavity
alternative electron acceptor	acceptors
glutamyl-tRNA synthetase	synthetase
Gram-negative	Gram-negative
developmental cycle	cycle
vegetative growth	growth
presence of nitrate	presence
archaeal genome	genomes
single-copy gene	gene
expression of the levanase operon	expression
single base substitution	substitution
RNase protection experiment	experiments
sugar-specific	sugar-specific
mutant phenotype	phenotype
translation start	start
toxic effect	effect
footprinting analysis	analysis
nonpermissive temperature	temperature
sporulation-associated	sporulation-associated
rapid turnover	turnover
energy metabolism	metabolism
Southern blot	blot
T-rich region	region
putative integral membrane protein	protein
aspartate transcarbamylase	transcarbamylase
strong evidence	evidence
binding preference	preference
competition effect	effect
long-range crosslinks	crosslinks
transcription-initiation	transcription-initiation
in vitro transcription-translation assay	assays
purine starvation	starvation
catabolite repression	repression
anti-inflammatory activity	activity
start-site selection	selection
histidinol phosphate aminotransferase	aminotransferase
signal integration circuit	circuit
monocyte cytolytic factor	factor
aldehyde dehydrogenase	dehydrogenase
new family	family
polarity of transcription	polarity
natural host	host
prephenate dehydrogenase	dehydrogenase
motility-related	motility-related
chimerical protein	protein
core RNAP	RNAP
replication terminator protein	protein
fatty acid	acid
appearance of the product	appearance
number of tRNAs	number
negative-acting	negative-acting
2,3-butanediol	2,3-butanediol
different stage of sporulation	stages
specific sequence	sequences
termination signal	signal
induction process	process
protein-based phyletic tree	tree
DNA gyrase	gyrase
5'-terminal protein	protein
absence of erythromycin	absence
ATP-binding site	site
secretion vector	vector
isoleucine residue	residues
osmotic stress	stresses
transcription-translation	transcription-translation
signal peptide	peptide
twofold reduction	reduction
ribosomal promoter	promoters
amino acid repression	repression
low-copy	low-copy
wild-type strain	strain
transcriptional factor	factor
transcriptional attenuation model	model
number of flagellar filament	number
carboxy-terminal	carboxy-terminal
kbp fragment	fragment
modified signal peptide	peptides
ribosomal binding site	site
open complex formation	formation
in vitro transcription study	studies
upstream sequence	sequence
specific site	sites
phosphoryl group	group
second sequence	sequence
septal membrane	membrane
core polymerase	polymerase
binding site	site
entire nucleotide sequence	sequence
post-exponential-phase	post-exponential-phase
single-copy	single-copy
early stage	stage
well-known	well-known
bacterial protein	proteins
late logarithmic growth phase	phase
delta-endotoxins	delta-endotoxins
response to heat	response
cellular concentration	concentration
alpha-aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine	alpha-aminoadipyl-cysteinyl-valine
host strain	strain
ribosomal gene	genes
regulatory device	device
pH-regulated	pH-regulated
lytic component	components
cell wall	wall
possible role	role
small DNA segment	segment
site-specific	site-specific
nitrogen-dependent	nitrogen-dependent
genetic element	elements
nitrate reductase	reductase
calmodulin-dependent	calmodulin-dependent
toxin gene expression	expression
random transcriptional fusion	fusions
carboxyl-terminal	carboxyl-terminal
wild-type cell	cells
nutrient broth medium	medium
increased expression	expression
various mutant	mutants
sequential cleavage	cleavage
crystal protein	protein
different developmental fate	fates
kb DNA fragment	fragment
restrained molecular dynamics	dynamics
high-copy-number	high-copy-number
transertion model	model
function of the protein	function
host-vector system	system
non-heat-shocked cell	cells
restriction map	map
putative ribosome	ribosome
sigma-subunits	sigma-subunits
amino terminus	terminus
stress-dependent	stress-dependent
second-site suppressor	suppressor
central part	part
core enzyme	enzyme
mother cell compartment	compartment
inactive form	form
primer extension experiment	experiments
first gene	gene
northern blot experiment	experiments
central region	region
genetic background	backgrounds
immunofluorescence microscopy	microscopy
prophage induction	induction
heat resistance	resistance
multiple copy	copies
rolling-circle	rolling-circle
glucose activation	activation
insertion element	element
extensive homology	homology
cre sequence	sequence
Heat-shock	Heat-shock
translation initiation site	site
in vivo method	method
N-terminal signal peptide	peptide
histidine residue	residue
major sigma factor	factor
reconstitution experiment	experiment
similar result	result
cis-acting sequence	sequence
acid-soluble	acid-soluble
RNA-binding domain	domain
synthesis of protein	synthesis
sporulation-control	sporulation-control
specificity factor	factors
early sporulation gene expression	expression
tRNA molecule	molecules
high degree of homology	degree
stringent response	response
large operon	operon
surface plasmon resonance	resonance
start site	site
donor DNA	DNA
biosynthetic enzyme	enzymes
basal-level	basal-level
analysis of the nucleotide sequence	analysis
high-resolution	high-resolution
phosphate aminotransferase	aminotransferase
antiterminator protein	protein
late-exponential	late-exponential
normal vegetative growth	growth
transcription machinery	machinery
amino-terminal	amino-terminal
uridine nucleotide	nucleotides
dihedral angle constraint	constraints
export-import	export-import
adjacent direct repeat sequence	sequences
divergent transcription	transcription
bypass-of-forespore	bypass-of-forespore
dimeric interface	interface
late gene transcription	transcription
flagellin gene	gene
specific effect	effect
inhibition of DNA synthesis	inhibition
primer-extension analysis	analysis
amidase-deficient	amidase-deficient
branched-chain	branched-chain
acceptor end of the tRNA	end
dual control	control
integrative vector	vector
regulatory system	system
computer analysis	analysis
extension of previous result	extension
comparison of the nucleotide sequence	Comparison
framework of an international project	framework
sporulation gene expression	expression
intermediate stage	stage
sigma-like protein	protein
presence of glucose	presence
last tRNA gene	gene
structural homology	homology
lipiarmycin-resistant	lipiarmycin-resistant
intraperitoneal infection	infection
cell-specific	cell-specific
biochemical analysis	analysis
analysis of a recombinant plasmid	analysis
glucose-responsive	glucose-responsive
consensus -35	consensus -35
kDa protein gene	gene
S1 nuclease digestion	digestion
nutritional depletion	depletion
dendritic cell	cells
inclusion body	bodies
positive feedback loop	loop
sporulation-regulatory	sporulation-regulatory
formation of an overlapping terminator	formation
potential secondary structure	structures
transduction event	events
translational regulation	regulation
cellobiose-dependent	cellobiose-dependent
Western blot	blot
significant change	change
active site	site
sc-mtRNA	sc-mtRNA
essential gene	gene
functional characterization of the gene	characterization
L-lactate dehydrogenase	dehydrogenase
genetic organization	organization
single open reading frame	frame
vegetative growth to sporulation	growth
stationary-phase regulon	regulon
protease gene	genes
transcription reaction	reactions
forespore pH decrease	decrease
regulatory factor	factor
cell fate	fate
transcription/translation signal	signals
thermosensitive sporulation mutant	mutant
exponential phase of growth	phase
indicator plate	plates
biotin synthesis	synthesis
C-terminal haem domain	domain
intercellular signal	signal
structural conservation	conservation
secretory protein	proteins
initiation of competence development	initiation
molecular switch	switch
adaptive response	response
little similarity	similarity
acetolactate synthase	synthase
transcriptional antitermination	antitermination
molecular mechanism	mechanism
wide-spectrum	wide-spectrum
sequenced DNA	DNA
homologous protein	proteins
forespore gene	gene
% of the transcript	%
central domain	domain
DNA strand	strand
alpha-helical conformation	conformation
alkyl hydroperoxides	hydroperoxides
long filament	filaments
glutamate synthase	synthase
long-lived	long-lived
rare codon	codons
alanine residue	residues
late time of the infection	times
% nucleotide identity	identity
mobility shift assay	assay
new promoter	promoter
degenerate oligonucleotide probe	probe
three-dimensional	three-dimensional
glucose dehydrogenase	dehydrogenase
late sporulation gene	genes
monophosphate decarboxylase	decarboxylase
integration host factor	factor
presence of gramicidin	presence
promoter-operator	promoter-operator
prespore engulfment	engulfment
helix-turn-helix motif	motif
extracellular protease	protease
promoter probe vector	vector
membrane-bound	membrane-bound
wild-type bacterium	bacteria
transcriptional roadblock	roadblocks
NH2-terminal	NH2-terminal
specific base	bases
putative regulator protein	protein
phage-modified	phage-modified
N-terminal end	end
complementation experiment	experiment
vegetative cell	cells
termination site	site
rRNA promoter	promoters
potential function	function
ternary complex	complex
tetracycline-inducible	tetracycline-inducible
carbon source utilization	utilization
face of the DNA helix	face
GTP starvation	starvation
sigma factor activity	activity
orientation of the insert	orientation
sulfate-polyacrylamide	sulfate-polyacrylamide
parasporal crystal	crystals
nuclease S1 mapping	mapping
cold-shock protein	proteins
protein layer	layers
chaperon expression	expression
electron-dense outer coat	coat
B.t.-toxin gene	gene
carboxy terminus	terminus
two-base	two-base
calf thymus DNA	DNA
erythromycin resistance gene	insertion
S1 nuclease protection experiment	experiments
product of this gene	products
onset of the stationary phase	onset
nucleoid binding protein	protein
heat-sensitive	heat-sensitive
methicillin-resistant	methicillin-resistant
significant identity	identity
parental strain	strain
apparent deletion frequency	frequencies
early-stationary-phase	early-stationary-phase
independent gene	genes
variety of function	variety
high-affinity	high-affinity
DNA flexibility	flexibility
beta-glucoside	beta-glucoside
co-transcription	co-transcription
growth condition	conditions
end of the mRNA	end
osmotic upshift	upshift
kinetics of formation	kinetics
intermediate stage of spore formation	stage
downstream region	region
recombinant phage	phage
divalent cation	cations
environmental factor	factors
ribonucleoprotein enzyme	enzyme
binding surface	surfaces
nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel	gels
DD-carboxypeptidase	DD-carboxypeptidase
hyperosmotic condition	conditions
beta-galactosidase gene	gene
stationary-phase-specific	stationary-phase-specific
gene map	maps
secretion of heterologous protein	secretion
5-phosphoribosyl	5-phosphoribosyl
glucose medium	medium
anthrax toxin protein	proteins
present report	report
growth rate of cell	rate
mean half-life	half-life
base pair step	steps
deletion derivative	derivatives
in vitro experiment	experiments
utilization of promoter	utilization
translational initiation codon	codon
sequence-specific	sequence-specific
NTP-binding	NTP-binding
promoter-independent	promoter-independent
mutant enzyme	enzyme
transcription termination site	site
series of shuttle vector	series
previous result	results
high resolution	resolution
direction of replication	direction
chromosomal inactivation	inactivation
kb transcript	transcript
protein kinase	kinase
unique DNA photochemistry	photochemistry
sigma factor activation	activation
single mRNA	mRNA
5'-terminal	5'-terminal
sequence of this region	sequence
metabolizable carbon source	source
vegetative-cell	vegetative-cell
so-called	so-called
messenger ribonucleic acid	acid
reporter gene	gene
gel-retardation	gel-retardation
high protein concentration	concentrations
in vivo experiment	experiments
binding affinity	affinity
ability to bind	ability
AMP-independent	AMP-independent
kb promoter region	region
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase gene	genes
activity of the phosphorelay	activity
product of this locus	product
lysine-rich	lysine-rich
glycine betaine aldehyde	aldehyde
glutamate acceptor activity	activity
ribosomal subunit	subunits
signal peptide sequence	sequence
N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate	N-acetylglutamyl-phosphate
beginning of the stationary phase	beginning
level of transcription initiation	level
onset of endospore formation	onset
Gram-negative bacterium	bacterium
poly(dA-dT)	poly(dA-dT)
5'-region	5'-region
anthrax toxin synthesis	synthesis
extracytoplasmic function	function
potential division site	site
single-chain antibody	antibody
absence of glucose	absence
folic acid	acid
global regulation	regulation
second induction mechanism	mechanism
zinc-responsible	zinc-responsible
rapid procedure	procedure
molecular basis	basis
mannitol uptake	uptake
ribosome isolation	isolation
Gram-positive host	host
host-takeover	host-takeover
single unit	unit
poly(glycerol phosphate)	poly(glycerol phosphate)
phosphate-starvation induction	induction
data bank	banks
late competence gene expression	expression
corresponding region	region
putative transcription terminator	terminator
uncharged tRNA molecule	molecules
aminoglycoside phosphotransferase	phosphotransferase
non-toxin	non-toxin
competence regulatory gene	genes
formation of aerial mycelium	formation
heat shock regulon	regulon
strand-specific	strand-specific
protein-protein interaction	interaction
C-terminus	C-terminus
gene-specific	gene-specific
late-exponential/transition	late-exponential/transition
adapter protein	protein
plasma membrane	membrane
kb gene promoter	promoter
protective antigen gene	gene
X-ray	X-ray
transcriptional attenuation mechanism	mechanism
bacterial sporulation	sporulation
natural promoter	promoter
absence of induction	absence
yeast artificial chromosome	chromosomes
vegetative bacterium	bacteria
presence of excess glucose	presence
forespore engulfment	engulfment
transcriptional initiation	initiation
complex medium	medium
multivariate analysis	analysis
regulatory region	region
prokaryotic genome	genomes
aerobic condition	conditions
glycerol gradient	gradient
heat-inducible	heat-inducible
electrophoretic mobility shift assay	assay
basal body	body
siderophore biosynthesis	biosynthesis
complete DNA sequence	sequence
differentiation process	process
presence of tetracycline	presence
heterologous gene	genes
general mechanism	mechanism
late stage of sporulation	stage
aerobic growth	growth
tertiary structure	structure
DNA photochemistry	photochemistry
psi residue	residues
response to environmental signal	response
formation of the initiation complex	formation
in-frame deletion	deletion
foreign gene	genes
transcription attenuation	attenuation
cellular compartment	compartments
assembly process	process
promoter-independent catabolite repression	repression
physiological signal	signals
amorphous undercoat	undercoat
bacterial LDHs	LDHs
B.t.-toxin	B.t.-toxin
binding region	region
beta subunit	subunit
intercistronic region	region
wide-spectrum amidase	amidase
transcription of the structural gene	transcription
liquid chromatography	chromatography
synthesis of ribonucleic acid	synthesis
modified base	bases
environmental signal	signals
beta-glucanase gene	gene
late promoter	promoter
cystic fibrosis	fibrosis
aromatic residue	residues
% CO2	CO2
deletion site	site
alpha-oxo acid dehydrogenase	dehydrogenase
N-terminal domain	domain
Bt-susceptible	Bt-susceptible
gluconate kinase	kinase
stress-response	stress-response
nucleotide identity	identity
phosphoadenylylsulfate sulfotransferase	sulfotransferase
composite plasmid	plasmid
aromatic amino acid	acids
enhancer-dependent	enhancer-dependent
c-type	c-type
purification of the protein	purification
stage of spore development	stage
sporulation-specific sigma factor	factor
respiratory nitrate reductase	reductase
asymmetric template function of microbial deoxyribonucleic acid	function
synthetic peptide	peptides
GMP synthetase	synthetase
neutral proteinase gene	gene
domain of the protein	domain
stationary phase cell	cells
basic protein	protein
valyl-tRNA	valyl-tRNA
cDNA probe	probe
3-phosphoglyceric	3-phosphoglyceric
potassium chloride	chloride
regulatory switch	switch
responsive element	element
end of logarithmic-phase growth	end
chimerical toxin	toxin
significant level of sporulation	levels
peptidyl transferase center	center
transfer function	functions
adenosine nucleotide	nucleotides
low molecular weight spore-specific protein	protein
hmw DNA synthesis	synthesis
base-pair	base-pair
trans-acting	trans-acting
iron-sulfur	iron-sulfur
functional role	roles
single mutation	mutation
cell division machinery	machinery
carbon-limited	carbon-limited
predivisional cell	cell
single-base-pair	single-base-pair
viral histone-like protein	protein
DNA methyltransferase	methyltransferase
bp DNA fragment	fragment
capsule production	production
high cell density	density
severe sporulation defect	defect
starch induction	induction
catabolic operator	operator
naked DNA	DNA
relative distance	distance
inverted repeat structure	structure
genetic locus	loci
barbiturate-inducible	barbiturate-inducible
genetic experiment	experiments
top strand	strand
nt sequence	sequence
membrane protein synthesis	synthesis
transformation technique	technique
phenobarbital-inducible	phenobarbital-inducible
spore cortex formation	formation
stage V mutant	mutants
upstream module	module
striking similarity	similarity
% sequence identity	identity
transcription initiation region	region
series of gag	series
transcriptional start point	point
pyruvate kinase	kinase
genetic competence	competence
promoter-like sequence	sequence
translational signal	signals
type of membrane anchor	types
stationary growth phase	phase
response to catabolite repression	response
coupling factor	factor
high ionic strength	strength
calculated molecular mass	masses
sporulation-essential sigma factor	factor
strand separation process	process
synthesis of a polypeptide	synthesis
phosphate starvation	starvation
ornithine acetyltransferase activity	activity
nucleoside catabolism	catabolism
mutation point	points
surfactin synthetase	synthetase
signal transduction pathway	pathway
AT-rich	AT-rich
several line of evidence	lines
identical subunit	subunits
SD sequence	sequence
suppressor mutation	mutations
serine acetyltransferase	acetyltransferase
chloramphenicol-resistance	chloramphenicol-resistance
biosynthetic gene	expression
viral DNA molecule	molecules
repressor gene	gene
partial relief	relief
beta-glucuronidase	beta-glucuronidase
cell-specific transcription factor	factor
cytosine content	content
cell-surface	cell-surface
side-chains	side-chains
PP2C phosphatase	phosphatase
nucleoside triphosphates	triphosphates
counterclockwise direction	direction
inhibitive concentration	concentration
xylose-dependent	xylose-dependent
cre site	sites
unusual structure	structure
different fate	fates
major sigma factor gene	gene
selective transcription	transcription
operator-like sequence	sequence
promoter -10 binding region	region
enhanced synthesis	synthesis
movement of the replication	movement
growth cycle	cycle
DNA template	template
polycistronic mRNA	mRNA
symmetric sequence	sequence
forespore chamber	chamber
impaired sporulation	sporulation
riboflavin biosynthesis	biosynthesis
palindromic region	region
in vivo control	control
transgenic mouse	mice
corresponding gene	gene
Campbell-type	Campbell-type
proteolytic processing	processing
establishment of cell fate	establishment
trans-activator of anthrax toxin synthesis	trans-activator
plasmon resonance	resonance
inactive chromosome	chromosome
binary vector system	system
partial amino acid sequence	sequence
chromosomal DNA	DNA
acceptor stem	stem
two-domain	two-domain
stable maintenance	maintenance
protease production	production
northern blot	blot
response to different stress	response
regulation of delta-endotoxin synthesis	regulation
human erythrocyte	erythrocytes
Indianmeal moth	moth
semi-constitutive	semi-constitutive
phage DNA replication	replication
novel sporulation-control gene	gene
oligonucleotide primer	primers
biochemical evidence	evidence
ethanol production growth phase	phase
Chloramphenicol-inducible gene expression	expression
rabbit muscle	muscle
protein export	export
partial defect	defect
angle constraint	constraints
structural analysis	analysis
place of thymine	place
alkali-soluble	alkali-soluble
translational regulatory signal	signals
cell density signal	signals
sole carbon source	source
timing of gene expression	timing
sporulation mutation	mutations
pattern of expression	patterns
determination of the nucleotide sequence	determination
heat shock response	response
chromosome segregation	segregation
mitochondrial function	function
substrate-binding	substrate-binding
post-germinative	post-germinative
DNA packaging	packaging
intracellular redox balance	maintenance
flagellum-specific	flagellum-specific
endospore development	development
beta-glucosidase	beta-glucosidase
component of the phosphorelay	component
phorbol ester	esters
xylose isomerase	isomerase
target protein	proteins
single-base bulge	bulges
regulation of prespore-specific gene expression	regulation
calculated molecular weight	weight
result of the homology search	results
pock formation	formation
new procedure	procedure
toxin protein	proteins
high degree of conservation	degree
vicinity of the attenuator	vicinity
beginning of sporulation	beginning
integrative plasmid	plasmid
5-thyminyl-5,6-dihydrothymine	5-thyminyl-5,6-dihydrothymine
toxin gene insert	insert
post-translational	post-translational
beta-xylosidase	beta-xylosidase
recombinant plasmid	plasmid
stable plasmids	plasmids
sphingomyelinase activity	activities
bp segment	segment
late log phase	phase
specifier sequence	sequence
gene over-expression	over-expression
monocistronic operon	operon
additional site	sites
RNA-dependent	RNA-dependent
translational attenuation model	model
transferase center	center
high temperature	temperature
signal transduction system	system
consensus structure	structure
response regulator component of the phosphorelay	component
absence of tryptophan	absence
significant level	levels
putative promoter	promoter
electron transport	transport
presubtilisin-beta-galactosidase	presubtilisin-beta-galactosidase
positive effect	effect
dormant spore	spore
transcription processing factor	factors
synthesis of poly(glycerol phosphate)	synthesis
resistance to arsenate	resistance
Protein-binding	Protein-binding
upstream deletion	deletions
corresponding sequence	sequence
recombinant strain	strain
amino acid substitution	substitution
transcriptional attenuation	attenuation
car bacillus	bacillus
transcription antitermination mechanism	mechanism
complementation study	study
insertion of an erythromycin resistance gene	insertion
SOS-box	SOS-box
promoter-less	promoter-less
broad-host-range	broad-host-range
deletion mutant	mutants
onset of differentiation	onset
kilobase pair	pairs
L-cysteine	L-cysteine
negative feedback loop	loop
phosphate transport	transport
in vitro affinity	affinity
protein-based	protein-based
premature terminator	terminator
minor groove	groove
biochemical property	properties
cis-acting catabolite-responsive element	element
important role	roles
cold-sensitive	cold-sensitive
chromosomal gene	genes
mother-cell-specific sigma factor	factors
nonpolar insertion	insertion
sporulation locus	loci
space group	group
key regulatory protein	protein
overall homology	homology
dipicolinate synthase	synthase
function unknown	unknown
transcription assay	assay
T box	box
serine phosphatase	phosphatase
sugar phosphotransferase system	system
repression complex	complex
integral membrane protein	protein
strand-specific DNA repair	repair
cold-shock domain	domain
heat-resistant	heat-resistant
forespore-specific sigma factor	factor
alpha-crystallin	alpha-crystallin
terminator site	site
phytanic acid	acid
5-phosphate	5-phosphate
mutant derivative	derivatives
motility gene	genes
attenuation mechanism	mechanism
(isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside)-inducible	isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside)-inducible
nutrient agar	agar
pas domain	domain
development of genetic competence	development
species-specific	species-specific
deoxyribonucleic acid	acid
pRNA activity	activity
phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system	system
promoter consensus sequence	sequences
considerable homology	homology
transcription/translation assay	assays
reading frame	frame
nucleotide substitution	substitutions
various temperature	temperatures
low G+C Gram-positive bacterium	bacteria
sequence conservation	conservation
plasmid stability	stability
enzyme-link	enzyme-linked
low cell density	density
sporulation-proficient	sporulation-proficient
transcription of this operon	transcription
thermophilic bacillus	bacilli
bp region	region
direct evidence	evidence
stress signal	signals
type of regulation	type
essential GTP binding protein	protein
order of magnitude	orders
non-permissive temperature	temperature
spore coat protein	protein
bifunctional protein	protein
non-permissive	non-permissive
suppressor phenotype	phenotype
regulatory effect	effects
coleopteran larva	larvae
core binding region	region
amino acid polypeptide	polypeptide
stationary-phase	stationary-phase
asymmetric unit	unit
phosphate-limited	phosphate-limited
major carbon source	source
wild-type infection	infection
codon usage	usage
rho factor-independent terminator	terminators
apparent start site	site
member of this genus	members
tryptophanyl-tRNA	tryptophanyl-tRNA
glucose kinase	activity
rho factor	factor
transcriptional study	study
active bacterium	bacteria
broth sporulation medium	medium
absence of xylose	absence
response to stress	response
oxygen-independent	oxygen-independent
translation start codon	codon
rifampicin-resistant	rifampicin-resistant
beta-lactamases	beta-lactamases
extracellular-protein	extracellular-protein
archaeal gene	gene
development of the competent state	development
A-domain	A-domain
thiamine biosynthesis	biosynthesis
immunologic property	properties
spatial gene activation	activation
predominant transcript	transcript
iron concentration	concentration
wild-type level	level
synthetic gene	gene
reaction mixture	mixture
phosphate limitation	limitation
arginine catabolism	catabolism
palindromic sequence	sequence
oligosporogenous phenotype	phenotype
amino acid sequence identity	identity
teichoic acid biosynthesis	biosynthesis
general property	properties
DNase I footprinting	footprinting
cell-cell	cell-cell
in-vivo	in-vivo
specific mRNA	mRNA
cortex structure	structure
attenuation region	regions
additional promoter	promoter
3PGA accumulation	accumulation
multimeric precursor	precursor
efficient transcription	transcription
lysis of the host cell	lysis
fumarase activity	level
ribosome-binding site	site
onset of solvent formation	onset
mature spore	spore
thermal upshock	upshock
rate of open complex formation	rate
mother cell chamber of the sporangium	chamber
sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel	gels
termination region	regions
unknown function	function
temperature downshift	downshift
calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase	cyclase
convergent transcription	transcription
double-strand region	regions
mutant culture	cultures
excess glucose	presence
DNA helix	helix
lipoteichoic acid	acid
potential transcription start site	site
tryptophan biosynthesis	biosynthesis
kinetic analysis	analysis
soluble protein	protein
levanase operon	operon
formation of an antiterminator structure	formation
% of the level	%
isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside-inducible	isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside-inducible
missense mutation	mutations
related bacterium	bacteria
complex formation	formation
potential ribosome-binding site	sites
peptide transport	transport
xylose utilization	utilization
self-association	self-association
6-transmembrane configuration	configuration
beta-glucoside-specific	beta-glucoside-specific
gene fusion	fusion
normal growth	growth
control site	site
late-growth	late-growth
filter-binding	filter-binding
two-component system	system
three-dimensional structure	structure
competence medium	medium
assembly of the bacterial endospore coat	assembly
high level	level
capsular polymer	polymer
expression of competence gene	expression
genetic transformation	transformation
nitrogen-limited	nitrogen-limited
transcription of gene	transcription
promoter-probe	promoter-probe
hybridization-competition experiment	experiments
delta-endotoxin synthesis	synthesis
specific binding site	sites
transcription-translation cell-free system	system
trypsin-like	trypsin-like
cycle of arginine biosynthesis	cycle
opposite orientation	orientation
expression of the tryptophan biosynthetic gene	expression
amino acid biosynthesis gene	genes
anti-terminator	anti-terminator
late competence gene	expression
nutritional stress	stress
novel system	system
direct repeat	repeat
multiple stress	stress
promoterless chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene	gene
dicistronic operon	operon
D-alanine	D-alanine
differential gene expression	expression
Southern blot analysis	analysis
arsenate resistance	resistance
cell septation	septation
subunit composition	composition
C-terminal end	end
mutant gene	gene
dissociation constant	constants
calf thymus	thymus
function of the 50S subunit of the ribosome	function
small gene	gene
host cell lysis	lysis
cyclic peptide antibiotic	antibiotic
neutral protease gene	gene
solvent formation	formation
regulatory pathway	pathway
gag repeat	repeats
regulation of gene expression	regulation
bimolecular collision	collision
crystal structure	structure
mature protein	protein
mosquito larva	larvae
transcription experiment	experiments
beta-sheet	beta-sheet
uninduced cell	cells
variable-region	variable-region
general stress response	response
promoter-distal	promoter-distal
catalytic moiety	moiety
primer extension study	study
close evolutionary relationship	relationship
homologous region	regions
anaerobic growth	growth
dipteran larva	larvae
molecular mass	mass
iron uptake	uptake
structure-function relationship	relationships
Recent work	work
start codon	codon
viral infection	infection
optimal pH	pH
arsenate-sensitive	arsenate-sensitive
mother-cell	mother-cell
murine macrophage	macrophages
consensus sequence	sequence
mobility shift	shift
mother-cell pole	pole
alpha/beta-type	alpha/beta-type
operon promoter	promoter
vector system	system
amino acid sequence homology	homology
major sporulation-specific sigma factor	factors
amino acid composition	composition
intermediate stage of sporulation	stage
regulation of the heat shock response	regulation
beta-glucanase	beta-glucanase
midsporulation stage	stage
nutrient broth sporulation medium	medium
terminator sequence	sequence
inactivation of this gene	inactivation
premature termination of transcription	termination
neutral proteinase	proteinase
sensor-regulator	sensor-regulator
striking homology	homology
glutamine synthetase	synthetase
two-cistron	two-cistron
multi-component	multi-component
protein-DNA interaction	interaction
non-specific	non-specific
two-component	two-component
% of the total protein	%
alanine dehydrogenase	dehydrogenase
chromosomal map	map
distinct promoter	promoters
isocitrate dehydrogenase	dehydrogenase
sporulation medium	medium
reductase domain	domains
physiological condition	conditions
translational control	control
intermediate time	time
gel filtration fraction	fractions
anti-inflammatory	anti-inflammatory
cell cluster	cluster
dyad symmetry element	element
laboratory condition	conditions
precursor protein	protein
intergenic region	region
transcription fusion	fusion
protein-protein	protein-protein
serine residue	residue
homology to promoter	homology
inducible gene expression	expression
sporulation-defective	sporulation-defective
glucose uptake	uptake
gel-retardation assay	assays
antiterminator structure	structure
% nucleotide difference	difference
transcriptional level	level
chromosomal site	site
cytochrome c synthesis	synthesis
exponential-phase	exponential-phase
osmoprotectant glycine betaine	betaine
aerial hypha	hyphae
cell-free	cell-free
Phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis	hydrolysis
second-site	second-site
site of transcription initiation	site
regulatory function	function
penicillinase gene	gene
strand-selective	strand-selective
iron acquisition	acquisition
cellobiose-dependent repression	repression
level of fumarase activity	level
dual promoter	promoters
northern blot hybridization	hybridizations
tRNA species	species
monomeric form	form
production of staphylokinase	production
logarithmic growth phase	phase
high-salt	high-salt
circular dichroism	dichroism
stat gene	gene
single transcriptional unit	unit
functional assay	assays
sole nitrogen source	source
reverse transcriptase mapping	mapping
cadmium resistance	resistance
acid shock	shock
deletion of the region	Deletion
multidrug-efflux	multidrug-efflux
phage-infected cell	cells
purine repressor	repressor
mixture of L-asparagine	mixture
primary processing site	sites
nuclease activity	activity
transcriptional termination	termination
transcriptional startpoints	startpoints
putative protein	protein
specificity of promoter recognition	specificity
promoter element	elements
template function	function
partial open reading frame	frame
translational attenuation	attenuation
late stage of development	stage
polycistronic operon	operons
wild-type protein	protein
carbon metabolism	metabolism
region of dyad symmetry	region
cis configuration	configuration
modified polymerase	polymerase
sequence-dependent	sequence-dependent
rho gene	gene
cell-specific gene expression	expression
low-copy-number	low-copy-number
end of the gene	end
cold-sensitive phenotype	phenotype
A+T-rich region	region
growth of cell	growth
UDP-glucose	UDP-glucose
various medium	media
site-specific recombinase	recombinase
direct repeat sequence	sequences
cold-shocked	cold-shocked
vegetative alkaline phosphatase production	production
start of endospore formation	start
DEAE-cellulose	DEAE-cellulose
translation start site	site
gel retardation experiment	experiments
tryptophan-dependent	tryptophan-dependent
early step	step
active promoter	promoters
operon-like	operon-like
null mutant	mutants
temporal expression	expression
promoter-like	promoter-like
cell-specificity	cell-specificity
N-terminal amino acid	acid
sensor kinase	kinase
immune response	response
activity of the transcription factor	activity
cell-cell separation	separation
resistance determinant	determinant
translational level	level
physiological role	role
transcription-translation assay	assays
broad range of bacterium	range
opposite direction	direction
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase	pyrophosphorylase
skin element	element
secretory preproteins	preproteins
Gram-positive	Gram-positive
further study	study
transition phase	phase
stress tolerance	tolerance
tryptophan synthase gene terminator	terminator
middle gene promoter	promoters
alpha-amylase	alpha-amylase
putative promoter region	region
preferential inhibition	inhibition
susceptible strain	strain
only mutant	mutants
extracellular enzyme	enzyme
in-vitro	in-vitro
DNA synthesis	synthesis
base change	change
alpha-helix-turn-alpha-helix	alpha-helix-turn-alpha-helix
phosphate starvation condition	conditions
16S rRNA sequence	sequences
low affinity	affinity
mutational analysis	analysis
hexuronate catabolism	catabolism
lipoyl-binding	lipoyl-binding
level of premature termination of transcription	level
virulence factor	factors
in vitro assay	assay
in-frame	in-frame
asymmetric septation	septation
promoter DNA	DNA
ferric uptake repressor	repressor
native enzyme	enzyme
liquid medium	medium
rotational symmetry	symmetry
sulphur limitation	limitation
oxygen limitation	limitation
glycerol gradient centrifugation	centrifugation
rat liver	liver
primitive organism	organism
cytochrome c	cytochrome
present result	results
abnormal cell division	division
T-A-T-A-A-T	T-A-T-A-A-T
pH-dependent	pH-dependent
orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase	decarboxylase
translation signal	signals
Western blot analysis	analysis
protein-DNA	protein-DNA
valine starvation	starvation
alternative sigma factor	factor
genetic system	system
catabolite responsive element	element
prespore-specific	prespore-specific
sigma-specific	sigma-specific
asymmetric transcription	transcription
hybridization experiment	experiments
morphologic structure	structure
structural gene	gene
promoter region of a gene	region
high-resolution S1 nuclease mapping	mapping
early exponential growth phase	phase
third hour of sporulation	hour
core-enzyme	core-enzyme
segment of DNA	segment
second helix	helix
energy depletion	depletion
morphologic change	changes
de novo fatty acid synthesis	synthesis
sporulation-deficient	sporulation-deficient
regulatory domain	domain
5-aminolevulinic	5-aminolevulinic
peptide sequence identity	identity
broad-spectrum	broad-spectrum
response regulator family	family
downstream site	site
guanine nucleotide	nucleotide
sulfate assimilation	assimilation
high resolution autoradiography	autoradiography
sulfate fractionation	fractionation
principal sigma factor	factor
expression of heat-shock gene	expression
stem-loop interaction	interaction
glutamine amidotransferase subunit	subunit
promoter region of the operon	region
onset of sporulation	onset
source-dependent	source-dependent
amino acid-long signal peptide	peptide
in vitro transcription product	products
synthesis of glucose dehydrogenase	synthesis
insecticidal crystal protein	proteins
glucose minimal medium	medium
dimer 5-thyminyl-5,6-dihydrothymine	5-thyminyl-5,6-dihydrothymine
L-arabinose	L-arabinose
rolling-circle replicon	replicon
additional evidence	evidence
protein export pathway	pathway
enzymatic characteristic	characteristics
protein factor	factors
posttranscriptional control	control
heat shock gene	genes
full stimulation	stimulation
multicopy plasmid	plasmid
steady-state level	level
antibacterial activity	activity
hyphenated dyad symmetry	symmetry
low molecular weight	weight
entire bacterial surface	surface
sequence-specific termination	termination
ribose utilization	utilization
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis	electrophoresis
sigma protein	proteins
3-phosphoglycerate kinase	kinase
untranslated leader sequence	sequence
structural plasmid instability	instability
selective association of multiple sigma factor	association
regulation of capsule synthesis	regulation
putative binding site	site
peroxide regulon repressor	repressor
light microscopy	microscopy
erythromycin-resistant	erythromycin-resistant
lysozyme treatment	treatment
transcription bubble	bubble
genetic data	data
end of vegetative growth	end
deletion mapping experiment	experiments
functional domain	domains
footprinting experiment	experiments
mixture of amino acid	mixture
total chromosomal DNA	DNA
real-time	real-time
pulse-chase experiment	experiment
